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H0-001
13:30
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13:50
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RED-ACT: Real-time earthquake damage assessment using city-scale nonlinear time-history analysis
An accurate and rapid earthquake damage assessment can provide an important reference for emergency rescue and post-earthquake recovery. Based on the city-scale nonlinear time-history analysis, a real-time earthquake damage assessment method is proposed in this work. In this method, the actual ground motion records obtained from seismic stations are input into the typical regional building models of the earthquake-stricken area, and the nonlinear time-history analysis of these models is performed subsequently. The seismic damage of target regional buildings subjected to this earthquake is evaluated according to the analysis result. And a program named as “Real-time Earthquake Damage Assessment using City-scale Time-history analysis” (“RED-ACT” for short) is developed to automatically implement the above workflow. The proposed method has been applied in many earthquake events. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The uncertainty problem of ground motion input is solved properly with the proposed method based on the real-time ground motion obtained from the seismic stations; (2) The amplitude, spectrum and duration characters of ground motions as well as the stiffness, strength and deformation characters of different buildings are fully considered in this method based on the nonlinear time-history analysis and multiple-degree-of-freedom models; (3) Using the real-time earthquake damage assessment and the corresponding report system RED-ACT, the assessment of the earthquake destructive power, and human uncomfortableness can be obtained shortly after the earthquake event, which provides a useful reference for a scientific decision making of earthquake disaster relief.
Xin-Zheng Lu, Qingle Cheng, Zhen Xu
city-scale nonlinear time-history analysis, damage assessment, multiple degree-of-freedom (MDOF) model, real-time, RED-ACT
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H2-017
13:50
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14:05
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TIME DEPENDNENT PROB ABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESMENT FOR HIMALA YAN REGION
There isn’t any technique that can predict earthquake occurrence in advance but the hazard due to an earthquake can be reduced to some extent if we are a little aware about the size of event a region can experience. Keeping this in mind in the present study the efforts have been done to produce time-dependent probabilistic seismic-hazard. These models differs from time-independent in the way that it uses the time elapsed since the last occurrence which is not taken care of in time-independent studies. Time-Independent hazard does not change with time while Time-Dependent models are more convincing as they produce probabilities that changes with time. Time-Dependent models that are used are Weibull, Lognormal, Gamma, and Brownian passage time. Once the probabilities are known then these probabilities have been utilized to compute the time-dependent hazard. The probabilities have been computed for Earthquake events having Magnitude greater than and equal to 6.0 and 7.0.The Himalayan region is taken into four source zones. North-Western Himalayas (Zone1), Central Himalayas is taken into two parts (Zone2 and Zone3) and Eastern Himalayas as Zone4. This division of the study is done on the basis of seismicity, tectonics, geological settings and faults present there. The model that is more suitable for a particular source is only used for the computation of probabilities that are further used to estimate hazard. The suitability of models in a zone is estimated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. Using K-S test Gamma, Inverse-Gaussian, Lognormal, and Inverse-Gaussian were found to be the most suited models, for Zones 1 to 4, respectively for M?6.0 and for M ?7.0 best is Lognormal for Zone 1 to 3 and Gamma for Zone 4. The estimated conditional probability was found to approach its 90% in 30 years, 35 years, 50 years and 50 years in Zone 1 to 4 respectively for M?6.0 and for M?7.0 the conditional probabilities estimated reaches 90% in 80 years, 90 years, 90 years and 150 years in Zone 1 to 4 respectively. Conditional probabilities of earthquake occurrences that have been computed using the time dependent models have been used further to estimate the probabilities of ground motion. These ground motions are used to generate the hazard maps that are Time-dependent hazard maps. Time dependent hazard maps have been produced for peak ground acceleration that is having 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years.
Shweta Bajaj, M.L. Sharma
Brownian Passage Time distribution, Gamma distribution, Log-normal distribution, seismic hazard, Time-Dependent Hazard, Weibull distribution
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H0-013
14:05
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14:20
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DEVELOPMENT OF SEISMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF TAIWAN’S ROAD NETWORK
Since 2016, we aim to develop a seismic loss assessment model of highway network. The distinguishing feature of the model is that it considers indirect traffic impact caused by road closures. The model can be applied to compare traffic conditions of highway network before and after earthquake disasters based on Taiwan’s open Electronic Toll Collection data. In this paper, the Meinong Earthquake is given as an instance to introduce the basic concept of the assessment model.
Cheng-Tao Yang, Chi-Hao Lin
electronic toll collection (ETC), highway hetwork, seismic loss estimation
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H0-017
14:20
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14:35
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STUDY ON THE SEISMIC FRAGILITY OF ECCENTRIC NON-STRUCTURES IN HOSPITAL
This study aims at the seismic fragility of eccentric non-structures in hospitals. As an earthquake happens, hospitals play a critical role as emergency medical service providers. Any damage to either structures or non-structures will result in a decline in their functional capacity to accommodate the injured. While the advancement of architectural techniques has improved the seismic performance of hospital buildings, damage to non-structures is usually unavoidable. Moreover, even though most non-structures in hospitals are eccentric, seismic responses of eccentric rigid blocks are insufficiently discussed in the literature. Therefore, to understand how degrees of eccentricity affect the motion of a rigid block in response to seismic forces, thirty earthquake events were selected and scaled in PGA as the input force to simulate the motion behaviors of a rigid block with the center of mass positioned differently. Probability analyses on the state of the rigid block with different degrees of eccentricity in response to varying PGA were also conducted to produce fragility curve diagrams. Findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference to assess the seismic fragility of hospital non-structures and enhance their seismic performance.
Chi-Hao Lin, You-Xuan Lin, Liang-Sheng Su, Kuo-Ching Chen, Cheng-Tao Yang
earthquake, earthquake disaster, eccentricity, fragility, hospital
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H3-011
14:35
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14:50
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Quantifying the Seismic Resilience of Communities: A Distributed Computing Framework
Strong earthquakes, such as the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, are highly destructive natural events that can severely disrupt a community. The extent of the disruption is frequently aggravated by the interdependencies that arise between the different sectors of the community. Modeling these interactions is necessary in order to develop a deep understanding of community resilience. However, doing so requires implementation of models from disparate disciplines on the same computational platform, which is challenging to do. To address this challenge, a distributed computing framework is proposed to link models or simulators that represent different aspects of the problem including the topography of the studied community, ground motion properties, structural responses, damage of all the components in the buildings and the recovery of the community after the earthquake. Each simulator is considered as a separate unit in the framework that interacts with other simulators through messages representing inputs and outputs only. Therefore, any simulator can be replaced with another of different fidelity or even based on different theory without affecting the other simulators in the framework. The proposed framework is demonstrated through a case study of an archetype community facing a seismic scenario.
Sherif El-Tawil, Omar A. Sediek, Jason McCormick
Community Resilience, distributed computing, interdependency, risk assessment
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H0-020
14:50
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15:05
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QUANTIFYING A RESILIENCE INDEX OF A WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK (WDN) USING AN OPTIMAL RESTORATION STRATEGY
Water distribution networks (WDNs) deliver water to its customers 24/7. Disruption of this important service after a strong seismic event impedes post-disaster activities and poses health and sanitation problems. Hence, WDNs must be able to quickly restore services after the occurrence of a major seismic event. This ability to return the water service can be a metric for resilience. In this paper, the authors quantify resilience by developing a framework that translates various restoration strategies into an improved resilience measure for a water distribution network. This framework is projected to be applied at a local WDN in Philippines. The seismic hazard at the site is mapped using a Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). The peak ground acceleration map determines the affected pipelines in the WDN due to seismic hazard. The loss in functionality of WDN in terms of unsupplied water demand is directly associated to the robustness property of resilience. Using Prim’s algorithm, the WDN is decomposed into a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). Subsequently, Horn’s algorithm and Maximum Slope Method are used to optimize repair sequences for the WDN. Based on the repair sequence, restoration curves are obtained. Then, the response time of the repair is obtained from the standard course of action of the water district. The response time of repair and the restoration sequence of WDN are directly associated to the rapidity property of resilience. Finally, the resilience index (with zero as lowest and one as the highest) of the WDN is quantified by generating a resilience curve and obtaining the resilience loss area. At the end of the study, it was found out that the resilience curve with smaller resilience loss area has higher resilience index. Thus, the resilience loss area must be minimized and be brought as close as possible to a value of 0.00 to improve the resilience index of the WDN. Increasing the resources can reduce the restoration time of damage elements and hence increase the resilience of the WDN against seismic hazard.
Abraham Matthew S. Carandang, Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano, Osamu Maruyama
Horn’s algorithm, resilience index, restoration curve, Water distribution network (WDN)
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