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H4-014
15:20
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15:35
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INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT SURROUNDING HUMAN SOCIETY ON LANDSLIDE CASUALTY: A CASE STUDY FROM THE 2018 HOKKAIDO EASTERN IBURI EARTHQUAKE
A landslide and a debris flow triggered by the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake on 6th September 2018 claimed 30 and 6 deaths, respectively. While damage to buildings caused by the earthquake shaking is termed a primary disaster, most of the deaths in this event were caused by the landslide, a secondary disaster. Furthermore, landslide disasters occur suddenly and cause catastrophic damage, it is difficult to take action and evacuate and escape beforehand, with the result that there are many human casualties. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) reported that there was the potential for large-scale landslide disasters on about 72% of Japanese land. The MLIT has classified landslide disasters into three broad categories: large-scale landslide disasters, landslide disasters that occur after earthquakes, and landslide disasters during snow melt. In this research, we analyzed the mechanisms behind the effects on humans when a landslide is triggered by an earthquake, and gathered information that might be useful when developing disaster prevention plans and standard indicators to regulate future land use. We used ArcGIS 10.3 (ESRI) to identify which geological factors contributed to human casualties. Atsuma-town, where 30 people passed away, was designated as at risk of steep slope collapse in the National Land Numerical Information database of the Hokkaido Government, and, as of 1st August 2017, was recognized as being at risk from landslide disasters. In this earthquake, a 1 km long cliff collapsed onto the road and the debris flowed for between 80 and 160 m along the road, depending on the geological location. We reviewed the literature from previous studies, and summarized the equations used by national and local governments in Japan to predict human casualties in landslides. We found that the fatalities were related to both physical factors, such as topography, and social factors, as described in the model of the “Environment surrounding human society in the event of a natural disaster”, created by the author of this research. Finally, we were able to grasp the characteristics of human casualty caused by the landslide due to the earthquake.
Junji Kiyono, Saki Yotsui
human casualty, landslide disaster, The 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake,
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H4-011
15:35
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15:50
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Three Dimensional Building Model with Seismic Resistance Attributes and its Application on Disaster Mitigation
In this study, a cadaster map and seismic resistance attributes retrieved from building tax database are used to establish three dimensional building model for a township. The earthquake disaster risk of old buildings, emergency rescue, evacuation route and their disaster scenarios for the Jhulin Township in Yonghe District, New Taipei City are analyzed as demonstration. We cooperate with the fire department of New Taipei City to promote the analytical results applied on the earthquake disaster mitigation plan and earthquake drill for local community. Accordingly, three dimensional building model could be validated and implemented on disaster mitigation practically.
Bing-Ru Wu, Siao-Syun Ke, Tzu-Hsiu Wu, Ming-Wey Huang, Chia-Ying Lin, Ming-Chun Ke
earthquake disaster mitigation, earthquake disaster risk, three dimensional building model
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H4-012
15:50
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16:05
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Influence of Seismic Design Code Evolution on the Seismic Losses and Resilience of Steel Buildings
Seismic design provisions for steel moment frames have experienced significant changes over the past half century. With the intention to achieve better performance with these changes, it is expected that the seismic performance of the steel moment frames will have improved as designed codes evolved. To verify this expectation, seismic resilience of a set of 2-story steel moment frames is computationally investigated. The frames are designed using provisions from three code eras spanning the past half century with differences spanning material strength, connection types, seismic design force, and column section selection. To reflect the differences in the designs, high-fidelity models capable of capturing fracture and structural instability are developed. The assessment results based on FEMA P-58 methodology show that newer buildings have better seismic resilience. The identified major factors contributing to the seismic losses are used to study strategies for improving the seismic resilience of buildings with steel moment frames.
Sherif El-Tawil, Tung-Yu Wu, Jason McCormick
collapse analysis, finite element modeling, resilience assessment, seismic design evolution
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H4-013
16:05
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16:20
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SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT BY USE OF THE COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE OF EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCE MODEL IN AND AROUND JAPAN
For probabilistic seismic hazard maps produced by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HERP), the comprehensive database of earthquake occurrence models in and around Japan is compiled and provided via the website of the Japan Seismic Hazard Information Station (J-SHIS). By use of the database, this study evaluates the relationship between population exposure to five ranks of JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) seismic intensity scale and the probability of occurrence of earthquakes within 30 years (“P-PEX relation”) for all the potential events of earthquakes. On this basis, seismic risk curves and expected population exposure are assessed for the period of 30 years. Finally, risk assessment of disruption of utility lifelines are performed for electric power, water and city gas supply focusing on four kinds of duration of disruption.
Nobuoto Nojima, Hiroki Kato
earthquake occurrence models, probabilistic seismic hazard maps, probability of occurrence, seismic risk curves, utility lifelines
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H0-019
16:20
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16:35
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THE PERFORMANCE OF SEISMIC DISASTER PREVENTION IN TAIWAN
In order to know the performance of disaster mitigation works in Taiwan, the system were developed to evaluate disaster prevention performance , including three disaster categories: weather related perils (e.g. typhoon and flood), agriculture loss and seismic risk mitigation measures. For each disaster category, the system consists of four risk management indicators orientations. These represent four public policies: risk identification, RI, risk reduction, RR, disaster management, DM, and governance and financial protection (risk transfer), FP. Each orientation has six indices. In any case it is evaluated in a qualitative way by many experts, using a scale that run from 1 to 5. This article aims to explain the evaluated result of seismic disaster prevention performance by the system and compare the performance between before 921 and current situation. According to the performance evaluation result, we can know which orientation of disaster prevention efforts is enough or insufficient, and provide the government with advice on the seismic disaster prevention policies. In addition to the disaster prevention performance evaluation indicators, this study also recommends that the ratio of buildings earthquake-resistant improvement as the index that should be a long-term concern indicator for government as a goal to improve buildings seismic capacity in Taiwan.
Shyh-Jiann Hwang, Lee-Hui Huang, Ching-Cheng Chang
performance index, seismic disaster prevention performance
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